Return Hubs for Asylum Seekers: A Controversial Proposal

During his confirmation hearing at the European Parliament on Wednesday, Magnus Brunner, the 52-year-old Austrian nominee for European Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration, asserted that the establishment of “return hubs” outside the European Union to accommodate rejected asylum seekers could be achieved in a humane and legally compliant manner. However, he cautioned that further deliberations and consultations with member states are essential to determine the practical implications of such a concept.

Brunner’s hearing, lasting three hours, was marked by a series of probing questions regarding the future of EU migration and asylum policies. A significant focus was placed on the recent trend of outsourcing migration management, which has raised concerns about potential human rights violations. “We must remain open to innovative ideas,” Brunner stated in his introductory remarks.

While Brunner refrained from offering specifics about the proposed “return hubs,” including potential locations or estimated costs, he emphasized that any initiative aimed at curbing irregular migration must adhere to EU values and legal obligations. “In my perspective, the concept of ‘return hubs’ is only viable if it is approached in a humane and legally sound manner,” Brunner articulated.

Humanitarian organizations have already voiced their strong opposition to the initiative, arguing that such hubs would inevitably lead to prolonged detention and significant suffering. Current EU legislation prohibits authorities from forcibly sending migrants to countries with which they lack a connection. Nonetheless, political pressure to enhance the sluggish rates of deportation has overshadowed these warnings, propelling a more stringent approach in several member states.

Brunner disclosed that the European Commission is set to present a new legislative proposal aimed at expediting the return of rejected asylum seekers before July 2025. This proposal will focus on simplifying procedures, enhancing digitalization, and ensuring that return orders are recognized across member states—a process that frequently encounters challenges.

As part of this legislative effort, Brunner explained, there will be international outreach to persuade countries of origin to accept their nationals following their departure. “In terms of returns, my approach is clear: migration policy must be both fair and firm,” he told lawmakers. “Individuals in need of protection have the right to seek asylum, while those without the right to remain must return.”

Brunner was also questioned about Italy’s agreement with Albania to handle asylum applications in the Balkan country. This protocol, which has faced harsh criticism from liberal and progressive MEPs, has been delayed due to legal challenges. “We need to assess this agreement,” he remarked, suggesting that the Commission should evaluate the experiences derived from such initiatives.

Another contentious topic discussed during the hearing was the potential use of EU funds to construct fences at external borders. Despite increasing calls from right-wing factions for this measure, Brussels has thus far resisted such proposals. Brunner, currently serving as Austria’s finance minister, did not explicitly oppose the notion but indicated that EU funds would be more effectively allocated towards advancements in border surveillance technology. “Our funding must be utilized efficiently; we owe that to our taxpayers,” he asserted.

Throughout the hearing, Brunner appeared at ease and well-prepared, aligning his responses with the positions outlined by his prospective boss, Ursula von der Leyen, while deftly navigating challenging inquiries from far-right lawmakers. If confirmed for the role, Brunner will be responsible for implementing the New Pact for Migration and Asylum, an extensive reform package finalized by the bloc in May after nearly four years of arduous negotiations. The Parliament views the New Pact as a landmark achievement and insists that every member state complies with the newly established rules.

However, Poland and Hungary have openly declared their intention to disregard these rules, raising concerns that the intricate overhaul could unravel before it has a chance to demonstrate its effectiveness. Brunner pledged to initiate legal action against any member states that fail to adhere to the established regulations. “If necessary and justified, we will pursue infringement proceedings,” he affirmed.

Additionally, the candidate committed to advocating for the lifting of internal controls within the passport-free Schengen Area and striving for the full accession of Romania and Bulgaria. These promises elicited surprise among attendees, particularly since Austria, Brunner’s home country, has faced condemnation from the European Court of Justice for unlawfully extending border controls and is singularly obstructing the accession of Romania and Bulgaria.